How to Validate Login Page in Selenium Webdriver in Python Updated FREE

How to Validate Login Page in Selenium Webdriver in Python

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Selenium WebDriver is amid ane of the about popular tools when it comes to Web UI automation. The Selenium framework tin can exist used with a wide range of programming languages such every bit Python, Java, C#, and more than. Every bit per the Stack Overflow Developer Survey, Python is 3rd-most loved programming language with 66.seven%. It is also the almost wanted programming language. And then if you lot're planning to perform test automation and Python, yous're at the right place!

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In this detailed Selenium Python tutorial, we would cover a range of topics such as the basics of Selenium WebDriver, Selenium WebDriver with Python, Selenium WebDriver vs. Selenium RC, and more.

Let'due south get to it, shall we?

If you lot're new to Selenium and wondering what it is then we recommend checking out our guide – What is Selenium?

Starting your journey with Selenium WebDriver? Check out this stride-by-step guide to perform Automation testing using Selenium WebDriver.

What is Selenium WebDriver?

A web page consists of different web elements, such as text boxes, checkboxes, buttons, etc. Web automation testing involves automating the tasks that take to be performed on those web elements. Selenium WebDriver is a popular web-based automation testing framework that is primarily used for automating tasks related to Web UI testing.

Selenium WebDriver does not interact direct with the web elements on a page. A browser-specific Selenium WebDriver acts as the bridge between the exam script and the web browser. Selenium WebDriver is the main component that communicates with the web browser. Selenium locators are used for locating elements on the page so that appropriate methods can be used for interacting with the element.

Selenium WebDriver supports most of the popular programming languages used past developers and testers, namely – Python, Java, C#, Ruby, and more. Information technology supports popular operating systems such every bit Windows, Mac Os, Linux, and Solaris.

Mozilla Firefox is the default spider web browser of Selenium WebDriver.

Selenium WebDriver Architecture

Agreement the advice between unlike blocks of Selenium is essential before looking into Selenium WebDriver with Python. Selenium WebDriver APIs are used for communicating between programming languages and web browsers.

The Selenium WebDriver architecture comprises of the post-obit blocks:

• Selenium Client Libraries
• JSON Wire Protocol
• Browser Drivers
• Browsers

Let's accept a detailed expect into each of these components:

Selenium Client Libraries

As mentioned earlier, developers tin can use Selenium for performing automation testing with popular programming languages. Selenium Client Libraries or Selenium Linguistic communication Bindings make this multi-language support possible in Selenium.

The focus of this Selenium Python tutorial is using Selenium WebDriver with Python. Hence, we would require linguistic communication bindings for Python. Language drivers for programming languages, including Python, can be downloaded from the official Selenium location for Customer Libraries.

JSON Wire Protocol

JSON stands for JavaScript Object Annotation. JSON Wire Protocol is used for the transfer of data between the server and client on the web. It is a REST (Representational State Transfer) API that facilitates information transfer between the HTTP Server.

Each web browser, namely – Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, etc., has its own browser driver (or HTTP Server).

Browser Drivers

Browser drivers are primarily responsible for communicating with the corresponding web browser. Every browser has its own browser driver, and the same needs to exist installed on the machine where automation testing will exist performed.

Since communication with the web browser happens via the browser driver, the browser's internal logic is not revealed. The browser driver adds the much-needed level of abstraction to the interaction with the browser.

When the browser driver receives any command (or asking), it is executed on the corresponding browser, and the response of execution is sent to the spider web driver as an HTTP response.

Browsers

Selenium tin be used with popular browsers such as Chrome, Firefox, Cyberspace Explorer, Microsoft Edge, etc. The framework cannot be used for browsers whose browser driver is not available.

Selenium Suite of Tools

Selenium version v1 consisted of IDE, RC, and Selenium Grid. The latest stable version of Selenium is 3.141.59, and the Alpha version of Selenium 4 is 4.0.0-alpha-6. All the Selenium Client Libraries are compatible with Selenium four.

Selenium WebDriver was introduced in Selenium v2, and Selenium RC was deprecated in Selenium 3. Selenium RC has a more circuitous architecture and too lacks in performance.

Selenium Suite consists of the following components:

• Selenium Integrated Evolution Surroundings (IDE)
• Selenium Remote Control (RC)
• Selenium WebDriver
• Selenium Grid

Let's look into each of these components in greater detail in this section of the Selenium Python Tutorial:

Selenium IDE

Selenium IDE is a popular tool for playback and record testing. Information technology was before available only as a Firefox plugin, but now Selenium IDE is also available as a Chrome add-on.

The current version of Selenium IDE has the provision of a command-line tool (SIDE Runner) that lets you run your .side project on a Node.js platform. Selenium WebDriver is required if you want to create exam scripts using Selenium IDE.

Selenium RC

Selenium RC was considered the master component in Selenium until the introduction of Selenium WebDriver in Selenium v2. Selenium RC was widely appreciated, every bit it could overcome the same-origin policy, which caused major concerns when performing web automation testing. The same-origin policy was introduced for security purposes, and it made sure that contents on a web page are not accessible to a script from another domain (or site).

Selenium RC Server, which is an HTTP proxy server, was introduced for overcoming the same-origin policy. Hence, Selenium RC comprises the Selenium Client and Selenium RC Server.

Selenium RC Server was designed for tricking the browser such that information technology believes that the web awarding being tested and Selenium Core belong to the same domain.

To overcome JavaScript Security restriction (or same-origin policy), proxy injection manner was used. Here, Selenium RC Server sits between the browser & website(or app) under test and masks the test candidate (website or app) nether a fictional URL.

These changes not merely complicated the architecture but too resulted in elongating the test execution fourth dimension. Hence Selenium RC is officially deprecated.

Selenium WebDriver

Selenium WebDriver is an automated testing framework used for the validation of websites (and web applications). Information technology supports popular programming languages such equally Python, C#, Java, Crimson, and more than.

Selenium WebDriver was introduced in Selenium v2. As Selenium WebDriver communicates with a web browser using its corresponding browser driver, information technology does not require a component like Selenium RC Server (every bit in Selenium RC).

Selenium WebDriver for popular browsers can be downloaded from the links mentioned below:

In farther sections of this Selenium WebDriver tutorial, we would wait at using Selenium WebDriver with Python framework such as PyTest.

Selenium Grid

Selenium Filigree lets y'all run tests across different combinations of browsers, operating systems, and devices. Parallel test execution can be performed using a Selenium Grid, as tests tin be executed in parallel confronting different browser and Bone combinations in parallel.

Selenium Filigree uses a Hub and Node architecture, where the Hub is the master and one or more than Nodes are its slaves. Selenium Grid iv, which is still under Alpha, supports Standalone Mode, Fully Distributed Mode, and the traditional Hub & Node Style.

LambdaTest offers an online Selenium Grid, which can be used to perform live interactive cross-browser testing of your public or locally hosted websites and web apps on 2000+ existent mobile and desktop browsers running on a real operating system.

This certification is for professionals looking to develop avant-garde, easily-on expertise in Python automation testing with Selenium and take their career to the next level.

Hither'south a brusk glimpse of the Selenium Python 101 certification from LambdaTest:

Departure between Selenium WebDriver and Selenium RC

Though Selenium RC (Remote Control) and Selenium WebDriver are test automation tools that support unlike programming languages, they differ a lot in many aspects. The major difference lies in the compages of both these tools.

1. Architecture

Selenium RC works in a similar way irrespective of the browser on which tests are performed. The following operations are performed when a test script is executed on Selenium RC:

• Selenium RC Server injects JavaScript Code, besides chosen Selenium Core, into the web browser.
• On receipt of commands from Selenium RC Server, the Selenium Core executes those instructions as JavaScript commands.
• The browser on which the test is performed executes the commands from the Selenium Core and returns the summary of exam execution to the Selenium RC Server.

This complicated the compages of Selenium RC. On the other mitt, Selenium WebDriver does not inject any custom script but works directly with the web browsers by using corresponding browser drivers. Selenium WebDriver is a successor to Selenium RC.

2. Speed of Examination Execution

Selenium WebDriver makes direct calls to the web browser using the browser drivers for that particular browser. Hence, Selenium WebDriver is much faster in terms of test execution speed, as it follows a simplified compages (i.e., Hub and Node model) compared to Selenium RC.

3. Built-in reporting mechanism

Selenium RC provides an automated HTML file that contains the examination results, whereas the reporting feature is not available in Selenium WebDriver by default.

All the same, test reports tin can be generated easily with Selenium WebDriver when used with test automation frameworks such as TestNG, PyTest, etc.

4. Headless browser automation

Selenium WebDriver supports testing on HTMLUnit browsers (or headless browsers), whereas Selenium RC does not support it.

5. Ease of Use

Selenium WebDriver has a wide-range of commands that are convenient & very piece of cake to utilize. On the other hand, Selenium RC offers a limited set of commands that are not so convenient every bit compared to Selenium WebDriver.

half dozen. Support for new browsers

Selenium WebDriver interacts with a spider web browser through its respective Browser Driver. It uses the browser'due south native support for automation. Hence, Selenium WebDriver works on those web browsers whose browser drivers (e.1000., ChromeDriver for Chrome, GeckoDriver for Firefox, etc.) are available.

Configuration for a new browser has to be implemented as a function of a Selenium WebDriver release. Selenium RC does non take this limitation, every bit in that location is no such component as a browser commuter involved in its architecture.

Automation Testing with Selenium Python

Now that you lot have a detailed understanding of Selenium WebDriver, nosotros movement to the part where nosotros would demonstrate how to use Selenium WebDriver with Python. We start this section of Selenium Python Tutorial by setting upwards Selenium, Python, etc., on Windows for Python spider web automation.

Setting upward Selenium WebDriver with Python

Follow the below-mentioned steps for setting up the development environment for Selenium WebDriver with Python:

1. Download Python for Windows and then install the same. Skip this stride if yous already take Python installed on your car.
2. For installing and managing any package in Python, PIP has to exist installed on the auto. PIP is the package management arrangement in Python. To install pip on Windows, download go-pip.py and save it in your machine.Now, navigate to the directory where get-pip.py is downloaded and saved – and execute the post-obit command on the terminal to install it:
   
   Yous can confirm whether pip has installed successfully or non past running the below command:

   pip --version

3. PyTest is more widely used than PyUnit (the default test framework with Python). Hence, we have used PyTest for demonstration purposes in this article. For installing the PyTest framework, execute the following command on the terminal:

   Yous can verify whether PyTest installation is successful or not past executing the beneath command:

   pytest --version

   Shown beneath is the output of the above command.

   

   

4. If Selenium framework is not installed on the machine, execute the below command for installing Selenium framework:

   The following command helps in retrieving the version of Selenium installed for Python:

   python - c "import selenium; print(selenium.__version__)"

   Here is the output of the above control that confirms the version of Selenium installed on the auto:

   

5. The test would exist performed on the Chrome browser. Hence, you should download the Chrome WebDriver that matches the 'major' version of Chrome on your PC. Nosotros have Chrome version 84.0.4147.105 in our arrangement; hence, nosotros downloaded Chrome WebDriver with the same version.

   It is always a good practice to download the browser WebDriver (i.e., Chrome WebDriver in our case) in the location where the corresponding browser is installed. By doing and then, you lot would not be required to specify it's the path when instantiating Chrome WebDriver.

   

   The prerequisites for executing the Selenium examination automation script with Python and PyTest are complete.

Demonstration of Selenium Automation Testing with Python

In this Selenium Python Tutorial, we have used the following exam scenario for demonstration:

1. Navigate to the URL https://lambdatest.github.io/sample-todo-app/
2. Select the showtime ii checkboxes
3. Send 'Happy Testing at LambdaTest' to the textbox with id = sampletodotext
4. Click the Add Push button and verify whether the text has been added or not

Implementation

Lawmaking Walkthrough

Lines (ane-6) : Modules such as pytest, sys, selenium, etc. are imported before the implementation of the test method.

#Implementation of Selenium WebDriver with Python using PyTest import pytest from selenium import webdriver import sys from selenium . webdriver . chrome . options import Options from selenium . webdriver . common . keys import Keys from time import slumber

Lines (9-ten) : The examination method is test_lambdatest_todo_app(). Selenium WebDriver for Chrome is instantiated with webdriver.Chrome() thereby launching the Chrome browser.

def test_lambdatest_todo_app ( ) : chrome_driver = webdriver . Chrome ( )

Lines (12) : commuter.become() method in Selenium is used for opening the URL under test, i.east., https://lambdatest.github.io/sample-todo-app/

chrome_driver . get ( 'https://lambdatest.github.io/sample-todo-app/' )

Lines (13) : driver.maximize_window() method is used for maximizing the browser window.

chrome_driver . maximize_window ( )

Lines (15-sixteen) : The 'Inspect Tool' in Chrome is used for locating the required element on the web folio.

Once the elements are located, the click() method is used for performing the necessary operation.

chrome_driver . find_element_by_name ( "li1" ) . click ( ) chrome_driver . find_element_by_name ( "li2" ) . click ( )

Lines (18-nineteen): The driver.title() method is used for retrieving the title of the web page nether exam. Assert is raised if the expected title does not lucifer the title of the web folio displayed in the browser window.

championship = "Sample page - lambdatest.com" assert title == chrome_driver . championship

Lines (21-23) : The web chemical element (i.due east., text box) where the text 'Happy Testing at LambdaTest' has to exist entered is located using 'Inspect Tool' in Chrome.

The find_element_by_id() method is used with input equally the ID of the element which nosotros located using 'Inspect Tool.' The driver.send_keys() method is used for inbound the sample text 'Happy Testing at LambdaTest' in the text box with id 'sampletodotext.'

sample_text = "Happy Testing at LambdaTest" email_text_field = chrome_driver . find_element_by_id ( "sampletodotext" ) email_text_field . send_keys ( sample_text )

Line (26) : The 'add' button on the folio is located using its ID belongings. Selenium click() method is performed to add the text 'Happy Testing at LambdaTest' to the list.

chrome_driver . find_element_by_id ( "addbutton" ) . click ( )

Line (33) : The driver.close() Selenium method is used for closing the browser window under focus. This will release the resources held by the WebDriver instance.

Execution

Navigate to the directory where the examination lawmaking is located and execute the following command on the terminal

pytest test_lambdatest_todo . py -- verbose -- capture = no

The –verbose pick is used for setting the verbosity level to default. The –capture selection is used to capture simply stderr and not stdout.

Here is the snapshot of the test execution, which indicates that the test has PASSED.

Limitation of Selenium WebDriver

Now that you lot know what Selenium WebDriver is, how it is better than Selenium RC, allow us run into the drawbacks associated with Selenium WebDriver.

1. Selenium WebDriver does non support Windows based application's automation.
2. Selenium WebDriver cannot be used for automation of paradigm, captcha, or the otp functionalities.
3. Selenium WebDriver does not support whatsoever in-built reporting machinery.
4. You need to depend upon community forums for your doubts and technical bug mainly, as Selenium WebDriver is open up-source.
5. In club to employ Selenium WebDriver, knowledge of at least one of the supported languages is needed.
6. Selenium WebDriver does not provide any test tool integration to facilitate Exam Management.
7. Parallel Testing is non supported by Selenium WebDriver, making it very challenging to use for larger and complex examination suites.

These limitations with Selenium WebDriver pushed users towards the next Selenium component, i.eastward., Selenium Grid.

How Selenium Grid Helps Overcome WebDriver'due south Limitations

To check our website'south responsiveness, we might need to run our automation test scripts across multiple browsers, operating systems, and devices. This is where the Selenium Grid comes into the picture. Selenium Grid allows us to get rid of multiple local setups for the various desired combinations we need to test. Selenium Grid as well allows us to perform Parallel Testing by sending commands to remote web browser instances from a hub server.

Shortcomings of a Local Selenium Grid

Though a Selenium Grid is useful for automation testing (especially cantankerous-browser testing), the local Selenium Grid requires continuous maintenance. The scope of testing might be express, equally maintaining a physical infrastructure that considers all the combinations of browsers, browser versions, and operating systems could require a huge investment.

The local Selenium Grid also needs to be updated regularly with the new browser versions and the latest version of the Server Grid. Hence, there is a huge recursive cost involved in maintaining an in-firm Selenium Grid.

Cloud Based Selenium Grid

Migrating to a cloud-based Selenium Grid, like LambdaTest, lets you perform automation testing of websites (or web applications) independent of the physical infrastructure. LambdaTest lets you lot perform cantankerous-browser testing on two,000+ combinations of browsers, operating systems, and existent devices.

Apart from improve test coverage, the test code can besides leverage the advantages of parallel testing on LambdaTest. This reduces the overall fourth dimension spent on automation testing. Testing on a cloud-based Selenium Grid also eliminates the need to procure and maintain in-business firm infrastructure. As there are different plans, you lot can choose the all-time-suited programme depending on the project upkeep and requirements.

Running Selenium Python Automation Tests On Online Deject Based Selenium Grid

Now let us run across how to run automation tests, written using Selenium WebDriver with Python, on an online cloud-based Selenium Filigree. We will be using LambdaTest's cloud Selenium Filigree as the platform to perform our Selenium Python testing.

Allow us see how to run our automation examination on LambdaTest step-by-step:

1. 1. Create an account on LambdaTest. If you already accept an account, login into it.
   2. Get the username and access central from the profile or using the Fundamental icon from your automation dashboard, and store it in your system'south environment variables.
   3. Fetch the desired surroundings details of the Selenium Filigree Cloud, using the LambdaTest's Capabilities Generator. For this example, we have used following capability:
      

      desired_caps = { "build" : 'Selenium WebDriver with Python Tutorial' , "name" : 'Running Test on LambdaTest' , "platform" : 'Windows 10' , "browserName" : 'firefox' , "version" : '73' }

   4. Copy the code from below and paste it. For demo purpose, we will exist using the sample ToDo app of LambdaTest and perform the following test actions:
      • Click on the first item in the list
      • Click on the second particular in the list
      • Add an item to the list.
      • Also, assert if the added detail is as expected or not
   5. Run the above code. Y'all tin can view the test execution on the LambdaTest platform direct along with its exam status, build, execution video, environment details, control logs, and other data.

To view the in a higher place execution, go to your Automation dashboard. Y'all run across the complete details about the test by its build proper name.

Y'all tin can click on the test to collaborate with it, and accept advantage of diverse features provided by the LambdaTest platform.

Conclusion

Selenium WebDriver is widely used for automation testing, every bit information technology is open-source and supports popular programming languages such as Python, C#, Coffee, and more. The appropriate browser drivers are used for interacting with the browser on which automation testing has to be performed. This adds a layer of abstraction to the interaction with the web browser.

Existing implementations of Selenium WebDriver with Python tin can be migrated to work with a remote cloud-based Selenium Grid with minimal changes. Testing on a cloud-based Selenium Filigree helps in accelerating the pace of test automation. Selenium WebDriver with Python can also take advantage of parallel execution offered by a deject based Selenium Filigree like LambdaTest.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can we use Python for Selenium?

Selenium supports Python and thus tin be utilized with Selenium for testing. Python is easy compared to other programming languages, having far less verbose. The Python APIs empower yous to connect with the browser through Selenium.

How does Selenium work with Python?

Use the following steps to configure Selenium using Python:

1. Download and install Python on Windows.
2. Install Selenium libraries in Python.
3. Download and install PyCharm.
4. Create a new projection and write the Selenium test script.
5. Run and validate the test scripts.

What is Selenium WebDriver Python?

Selenium WebDriver is one of the most pop tools for Spider web UI Automation. Selenium is an open source tool, and its library is available in different programming languages to perform the Web UI Automation testing, and Python is one of them.

How much Python cognition is required for Selenium?

You need to know all the bones level of programming concepts in Python as Selenium is pretty easy to utilize and Python is pretty easy to acquire. You do not need to master Python; just basic programming skills are required.

Himanshu Sheth

Himanshu Sheth is a seasoned technologist and blogger with more than than fifteen+ years of diverse working experience. He currently works every bit the 'Atomic number 82 Developer Evangelist' and 'Senior Manager [Technical Content Marketing]' at LambdaTest. He is very agile with the startup community in Bengaluru (and down South) and loves interacting with passionate founders on his personal blog (which he has been maintaining since concluding fifteen+ years).

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